Scalar functions

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String functions
Type-conversion functions
Numeric functions
List functions
Null-handling
Graph / entity functions
Spatial & temporal constructors

String functions

Function	Description	Example → result
`toUpper(s)`	Uppercase	`toUpper('ada')` → `'ADA'`
`toLower(s)`	Lowercase	`toLower('ADA')` → `'ada'`
`trim(s)`	Strip leading+trailing whitespace	`trim(' x ')` → `'x'`
`ltrim(s)`	Strip leading whitespace	`ltrim(' x ')` → `'x '`
`rtrim(s)`	Strip trailing whitespace	`rtrim(' x ')` → `' x'`
`substring(s, start[, len])`	Substring from `start` (0-based), optional length	`substring('graph', 1, 3)` → `'rap'`
`replace(s, search, repl)`	Replace all occurrences	`replace('a.b.c', '.', '-')` → `'a-b-c'`
`split(s, delim)`	Split into a list of strings	`split('a,b,c', ',')` → `['a','b','c']`
`left(s, n)`	First `n` characters	`left('graph', 2)` → `'gr'`
`right(s, n)`	Last `n` characters	`right('graph', 2)` → `'ph'`
`reverse(s)`	Reverse a string (also works on lists)	`reverse('abc')` → `'cba'`
`toString(x)`	Render supported scalars and spatial/temporal values; lists/maps/bytes error	`toString(42)` → `'42'`

Type-conversion functions

Function	Description	Notes
`toInteger(x)`	Convert to integer	integer strings and floats accepted; invalid strings return `null`, unsupported types error
`toFloat(x)`	Convert numbers or numeric strings	invalid strings return `null`; unsupported types error
`toBoolean(x)`	Convert to boolean	`'true'`/`'false'` (case-insensitive) → bool
`toString(x)`	Convert to string	see above

RETURN toInteger('42') AS i, toFloat('3.14') AS f, toBoolean('TRUE') AS b;

Numeric functions

Function	Description	Example → result
`abs(x)`	Absolute value (int or float)	`abs(-5)` → `5`
`ceil(x)`	Round up (→ float)	`ceil(2.1)` → `3.0`
`floor(x)`	Round down (→ float)	`floor(2.9)` → `2.0`
`round(x)`	Round to nearest (→ float)	`round(2.5)` → `3.0`
`sqrt(x)`	Square root	`sqrt(9)` → `3.0`
`sign(x)`	Sign: -1, 0, or 1	`sign(-7)` → `-1`
`range(start, end[, step])`	List of integers `start..=end`	`range(1, 5)` → `[1,2,3,4,5]`

UNWIND range(1, 5) AS x RETURN x, x * x AS square;

List functions

Function	Description	Example → result
`size(x)`	Length of a list/string; use `size(keys(map))` for maps	`size([1,2,3])` → `3`
`head(list)`	First element (or `null`)	`head([10,20])` → `10`
`last(list)`	Last element (or `null`)	`last([10,20])` → `20`
`tail(list)`	All but the first element	`tail([10,20,30])` → `[20,30]`
`reverse(list)`	Reverse	`reverse([1,2,3])` → `[3,2,1]`
`range(a, b[, step])`	Integer list (see numeric)

(List indexing l[i] and slicing l[a..b] are operators — see Operators and expressions.)

Null-handling

Function	Description
`coalesce(a, b, …)`	First non-null argument; `null` if all are null. Does not null-propagate.

MATCH (p:Person) RETURN coalesce(p.nick, p.name, 'anonymous') AS display;

Graph / entity functions

Function	Description
`id(e)`	Internal integer id of a node or relationship
`elementId(e)`	String form of the internal integer id; not stable across deletion/reuse
`labels(n)`	List of a node's labels
`type(r)`	A relationship's type (string)
`keys(e)`	List of an entity's (or map's) property keys
`properties(e)`	The entity's properties as a map
`nodes(p)`	The nodes of a path `p`, in order
`relationships(p)`	The relationships of a path `p`, in order
`length(p)`	Number of relationships in a path `p`

MATCH p = (a:Person {name: 'Ada'})-[:KNOWS*1..3]->(b)
RETURN b.name, length(p), [n IN nodes(p) | n.name] AS chain;

List and pattern comprehensions are supported; see comprehensions.

MATCH (n) RETURN id(n), labels(n), keys(n), properties(n) LIMIT 5;
MATCH ()-[r]->() RETURN type(r) LIMIT 5;

Spatial & temporal constructors

Function	Description	See
`point({...})`	Construct a `Point` (cartesian or WGS-84)	Spatial points
`distance(a, b)` / `point.distance(a, b)`	Distance between two points	Spatial points
`spatial.fromWKT`, `spatial.fromWKB`, `spatial.fromGeoJSON`	Strict geometry/geography constructors	Formats and drivers
`spatial.intersects`, `spatial.contains`, `spatial.covers` and other predicates	Test shape relationships	Predicates and overlays
`spatial.union`, `spatial.intersection`, `spatial.difference`, `spatial.symDifference`, `spatial.clip`, `spatial.identity`	Combine, cut or partition shapes	Predicates and overlays
`spatial.centroid`	Weighted centre, retaining domain and SRID	Centroid
`datetime(...)`	Construct/parse/re-zone a zoned `DateTime`	Temporal values and time zones
`date(...)`	Construct/parse a `DATE`; truncates a (local)datetime value or string (no arg = today, UTC)	Temporal values and time zones
`localtime(...)` / `time(...)`	A local / zoned time-of-day	Temporal values and time zones
`localdatetime(...)`	A zoneless date-time	Temporal values and time zones
`duration(...)`	Construct/parse a `DURATION` (ISO-8601 or a component map)	Temporal values and time zones
`duration.between(a, b)`	The duration between two temporals	Temporal values and time zones

Point and temporal fields are read by access syntax, not functions: p.x, p.y, p.z, p.longitude, p.latitude, p.height, p.srid, p.crs; dt.year, dt.month, dt.day, dt.hour, dt.minute, dt.second, dt.nanosecond, dt.epochSeconds, dt.epochMillis, dt.offsetSeconds, dt.offset, dt.timezone; a DURATION's .years, .months, .days, .hours, .minutes, .seconds, .milliseconds, .nanoseconds.

range includes both endpoints, accepts a negative step for descending ranges, and rejects a zero step. For example, RETURN range(5, 1, -2) returns [5,3,1]. See aggregates for row-level grouping and APOC scalar functions for additional collection operations.

Indexes and constraints · Procedure directory · Transactions and concurrency